考研英語后置定語的幾種類型

　　一.介詞短語作后置定語，如the bird in the tree(樹上的小鳥)，the standard of living(生活水平)，the way to the hotel(去旅館的路)，the life in the future(未來的生活)。

　　二.不定式短語作后置定語，用來修飾限定其前的`名詞或名詞性短語。分為以下三類：

　　1. 在某些名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中可用動詞不定式作后置定語。

　　I have a lot of homework to do.

　　He is the first to finish the task.

　　There are a lot of things to do.

　　2. 在某些抽象名詞后可用動詞不定式作后置定語，具體說明抽象名詞的內(nèi)容。常見名詞有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。例句：

　　He has the ability to do the work.

　　I don't have the courage to tell you the secret.

　　3. 動詞不定式有時可替代一個定語從句，與其前修飾的名詞是主動關(guān)系，在時態(tài)上含有將來的含義。例如：

　　Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.

　　In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.

　　三、分詞短語作后置定語。這時一般可以改寫為定語從句，現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語與修飾的名詞是主動關(guān)系,過去分詞作后置定語與修飾的名詞是被動關(guān)系。例如,

　　S1:There is a lady waiting for you.=There is a lady who waits for you.

　　S2：What is the language spoken in China?=What is the language which is spoken in China?

　　S1中，lady和wait之間是主動關(guān)系，S2中，language與spoken之間是被動關(guān)系。

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