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2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試試題理工類(lèi)模擬卷
Inventor of LED
When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes or1 LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.
On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)has given the award to prominent inventors.
"Anytime you get an award, big or little2, it's always a surprise," Holonyak said.
Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric4, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches5.
Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, be wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.
Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today. But didn't realize how many uses they would have.
"You don't know in the beginning. You think you're doing something important, you think it's worth doing, but you really can't tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don't know," he said.
The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson- MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of "molecular sieves" that can separate molecules by size.
詞匯：
semiconductor / ?sem?k?n’d?kt?(r) /n.半導(dǎo)體
alloy / ’?l??, ?’l??/ n.合金
emit / ?’m?t / v.發(fā)射，發(fā)出
diode / ’da???d/n.二極管
dim / d?m / adj.燈光昏暗的
incandescent / ,?nk?n’desnt / adj.白熾的
bulb / b?lb /n.燈泡
commonplace / ’k?m?nple?s / adj.普通的
molecular / m?(?)’lekj?l?(r) / adj.分子的
sieve / s?v / n.篩
注釋?zhuān)?/strong>
1.or：即
2.big or little：不論是大還是小
3.after graduate school：從研究生院畢業(yè)之后
4.General Electric ：通用電氣公司
5.house dimmer switches：家用減光開(kāi)關(guān)
練習(xí)：
1.Holonyak's colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2.Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3.Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4.Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5.Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6.Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7.The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案與題解：
1.A 第一段第一句就說(shuō)：“When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic.”
2.C通篇文章沒(méi)有提到Holonyak相信他的學(xué)生將獲得Lemelson-MIT Prize這件事。
3.B第四段說(shuō)到發(fā)明晶體管的是Holonyak的老師John Bardeen，不是Holonyak本人。
4.A 第六段的句子“... he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today ...”就包含了popular的意思。
5.C通篇文章(包括第七段)沒(méi)有提到“不要做你不感興趣的事”。
6.C通篇文章沒(méi)有提到Edith Flanigen是Holonyak發(fā)明LEDs的合作者，更不要說(shuō)是唯一的合作者。
7.B 第二段說(shuō)到，2004年是the Lemelson-MIT Prize成立10周年，按此推算，the Lemelson- MIT Prize是在1994年設(shè)立的。
譯文：LED的發(fā)明者
當(dāng)Nick Holonyak著手用半導(dǎo)體含金創(chuàng)造一種新的可視照明設(shè)備的時(shí)候，同事們都認(rèn)為他不現(xiàn)實(shí)。今天，他發(fā)現(xiàn)的發(fā)光二極管，或叫 LED，使用范圍覆蓋從 DVD到機(jī)場(chǎng)警鐘的一切東西。他的許多學(xué)生繼續(xù)著他的工作，發(fā)明了交通燈中使用的照明設(shè)備和其他的日用技術(shù)。
2004年 4月 23號(hào)，Holoyak在華盛頓的一次典禮上被授予 Lemelson-MIT項(xiàng)目的 50萬(wàn)美元的獎(jiǎng)金。這是麻省理工的 Lemelson-MIT項(xiàng)目第十年頒獎(jiǎng)給杰出的發(fā)明人。
“任何時(shí)候你得了獎(jiǎng)，不論是大是小，總是一分驚喜。” Holonyad說(shuō)。
Holonyak，75歲，是 20世紀(jì) 50年代初期晶體管的發(fā)明者 John Bardeen的學(xué)生。從研究生院畢業(yè)之后， Holonyak在 Bell實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作。之后去了通用電器公司，在那里他發(fā)明了一種開(kāi)關(guān)，現(xiàn)在家用減光開(kāi)關(guān)中普遍使用。
后來(lái)， Holonyak開(kāi)始研究如何應(yīng)用半導(dǎo)體發(fā)電。當(dāng)他的同事們正在研究如何發(fā)出看不見(jiàn)的光時(shí)，他卻想要看得見(jiàn)的光。 1962年他發(fā)明的 LED，現(xiàn)在的使用壽命可以比白熾燈泡長(zhǎng)十倍，而且更環(huán)保、更經(jīng)濟(jì)。
Holonyak現(xiàn)在是伊利諾斯大學(xué)電子、計(jì)算機(jī)工程和物理專(zhuān)業(yè)的教授，他說(shuō)他預(yù)料到 LED的使用有可能像今天這樣普遍，但沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它會(huì)有多少用途。
“開(kāi)始的時(shí)候你并不知道，你認(rèn)為你在做一件很重要的事情，你認(rèn)為它值得做，但是你不能說(shuō)出要付出多大的代價(jià)，什么時(shí)候付出，怎樣付出。你并不知道。”他說(shuō)。
Lemelson-MIT項(xiàng)目同樣授予 75歲的 Edith Flanigen 10萬(wàn)美元的終身成就獎(jiǎng)，她的成就是創(chuàng)造新一代的“分子篩”，也就是可以通過(guò)大小來(lái)分離分子。
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